USGS Predicts Imminent Episode 33 Lava Fountaining at Kīlauea Summit

Lead The U.S. Geological Survey’s Hawaiian Volcano Observatory reported vigorous gas pistoning and vent overflows at Halemaʻumaʻu crater today, indicating Episode 33 lava fountaining is likely to begin within 24 hours at Kīlauea volcano.

Nut Graf Summit tiltmeters recorded significant inflation and cyclic magma rises this morning, marking the culmination of precursory activity that has built since the end of Episode 32. These observations underscore elevated hazards within Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park and warrant close monitoring by authorities and visitors.

Activity Details

• Gas Pistoning Cycles Dome fountains 3-6 m high accompanied vent filling, followed by energetic gas bursts sending spatter 5-10 m onto the cone exterior every ten minutes.
• Vent Overflows Small episodic lava flows covered the western crater floor overnight, consistent with repeated overflow events marking the lead-up to fountaining.
• Summit Inflation The Uēkahuna tiltmeter logged ~22.5 microradians of inflation since Episode 32 ended, leveling off today as the magma system pressurizes.

Forecast and Hazards

• Episode 33 Timing Lava fountaining could start later today or by tomorrow if current trends persist.
• Alert Status Volcano Alert Level: WATCH Aviation Color Code: ORANGE
• Hazards Pele’s hair and spatter fallout pose risks within 1-2 km downwind, and sulfur dioxide emissions may spike with initial fountains.

Response and Monitoring HVO continues real-time surveillance via seismic, deformation, gas, and visual data and remains in coordination with Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park and Hawai‘i County Civil Defense. Visitors are advised to defer summit area access and heed official park notices.